If you're learning Korean, you’ve probably noticed there are multiple ways to end a sentence politely. Two of the most common endings are ~요 and ~습니다. They both show respect, but they’re used in slightly different contexts. Let’s take a closer look at how they differ and when to use each.
What’s the Difference?
While both endings are polite, they convey different levels of formality:
~요is used in casual but respectful conversation. It’s perfect for daily use with people you're not close to but not in formal situations.~습니다is much more formal and is used in official contexts like speeches, news broadcasts, or job interviews.
Example Sentences
- 책을 읽어요 – I read a book. (polite)
- 책을 읽습니다 – I read a book. (formal)
- 친구를 만나요 – I meet a friend. (polite)
- 친구를 만납니다 – I meet a friend. (formal)
When to Use Each
Use ~요 in most daily conversations, such as ordering food, asking for directions, or talking to someone you don’t know very well. On the other hand, ~습니다 should be used when giving a presentation, speaking on the news, or talking to someone in a position of authority.
Common Mistakes
A common mistake is mixing the two styles in one sentence. For example, “공부해요 했습니다” is incorrect. Choose one level of politeness and stick with it consistently.
Try It Yourself!
Practice switching between the two endings by writing the same sentence in both styles. This will help you develop a good feel for when to use each form naturally.
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